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Gastrointestinal Surgery

Gastrointestinal surgery encompasses a wide range of surgical procedures involving the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus. These surgeries are performed to treat conditions such as gastrointestinal cancers, inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), diverticulitis, hernias, and obesity-related conditions.

Common gastrointestinal surgeries include:

  • Esophageal surgery: Procedures to treat conditions such as esophageal cancer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and achalasia (a swallowing disorder).
  • Gastric surgery: Operations like gastrectomy (partial or total removal of the stomach) for stomach cancer or weight loss surgery (e.g., gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy) to manage obesity and related conditions.
  • Intestinal surgery: Surgeries to address conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal obstructions, and bowel perforations.
  • Colorectal surgery: Procedures involving the colon and rectum, including colectomy (partial or total removal of the colon), rectal resection, and surgery for colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Hepato-biliary surgery: Operations related to the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder, including liver resection, gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy), and surgeries for bile duct disorders.
  • Pancreatic surgery: Procedures for pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cysts, including pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) and distal pancreatectomy.

Gastrointestinal surgeries may be performed using open surgery, laparoscopic (minimally invasive) techniques, or robotic-assisted surgery, depending on the specific condition, patient factors, and surgeon preference. Minimally invasive approaches often result in shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and reduced post-operative pain compared to traditional open surgery.

Pre-operative evaluation, including imaging studies, laboratory tests, and patient counseling, is essential to assess the severity of the condition, plan the surgical approach, and optimize patient outcomes. Post-operative care involves monitoring for complications, pain management, nutritional support, and rehabilitation to ensure a smooth recovery and long-term success.